When the northern French coal mines were nationalized after the Second World War under the Houillères du bassin du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais, rationality and efficiency were the order of the day, including in the mining towns.
Discover the beauty of Europe's abandoned places, from desolate factories to forgotten ghosttowns, and uncover the stories behind these haunting relics of the past.
When the northern French coal mines were nationalized after the Second World War under the Houillères du bassin du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais, rationality and efficiency were the order of the day, including in the mining towns.
In 1938, the Organization Todt, the construction company of the German Third Reich, began constructing the West Wall (or Siegfried Line), a German defence line from the Netherlands to the Swiss border.
At the end of the First World War, the French Army built an observation tower to monitor potential movements of the German forces.
In 1926, the French Ministry of Defense unveiled plans to fortify the country's eastern borders against possible surprise attacks, such as during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870.
The French Vosges is full of deserted ski slopes due to the lack of snow. Fifteen ski areas have been closed in recent years, yet they have left some traces.
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On the occasion of International Art Nouveau Day, celebrated each year on June 10, a look at how this ornate architectural movement found its way into the most unlikely of places like coal mines, power stations, and railway yards and the long, sometimes heartbreaking battles to save what remains.
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