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Antwerp has been connected to the Netherlands by rail since 1854. In the early days, trains wriggled through the city centre at street level, which was not ideal. Indeed, steam locomotives caused a lot of noise and odour during their passage.

The invention of the Bessemer process in 1856 made large-scale steel production possible, heralding the start of the Second Industrial Revolution.
 

The unfinished concrete carcass of a ghost hotel has been receiving its first visitors since early 2025 after more than half a century of vacancy and decay.

You will find relics of the former railway yard Spoor Oost along the ring track around Antwerp.

In 1951, the Hydraulic Laboratory De Voorst settled in the Dutch Noordoostpolder. There, scientists had a constant supply and drainage of water to test out scale models for hydraulic works.

A mechanical ore-washing plant was also established in the late nineteenth century near the Monteponi mining complex.

A steel water tower marks the site of the long-defunct coal mine Carolus Magnus in the Aachen mining district.

The iron headframe was preserved on the site where the French Compagnie des Mines de Liévin laid its first coal mine in 1858.

A ruined limestone kiln complex recalls the late-nineteenth-century exploitation of limestone at the Welsh quarry Gilwern.

A cooling tower rests next to steel company Carsid's mothballed power plant.