In the French coal basin of Nord-pas-de-Calais, Germany's Ruhr and Saarland, England, Wales, and Belgium, coal was brought to the surface in hundreds of coal mines for many years. Today, coal mines have become heritage sites or have been demolished.
In the 19th century, the tentacles of the Walloon coal industry in Belgium reached deep into the German Ruhr area.
Three striking headframes from three different eras stand in the German Ewald coal mine, which closed its doors in 2000.
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On November 9, 1989, the Berlin Wall, a symbol of Cold War division and oppression, was breached. Berliners poured through the newly opened checkpoints.
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